Unique Subarrays
Tag(s):

Data Structures, Implementation, Medium

Problem
Editorial
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A contiguous subarray is defined as unique if all the integers contained within it occur exactly once. There is a unique weight associated with each of the subarray. Unique weight for any subarray equals it's length if it's unique, 0 otherwise. Your task is to calculate the sum of unique weights of all the contiguous subarrays contained within a given array.

Input
First line of the input contains an integer T, denoting the number of testcases.
$2*T$ lines follow, where first line of each testcase contains an integer N denoting the number of integers in the given array. Last line of each testcase then contains N single space separated integers

Output
Print the summation of unique weights of all the subarrays for each testcase in a separate line.

Constraints

• $1 ≤ T, N ≤ 10^{5}$
• $0 ≤ A_i ≤ 10^{9}$
• Summation of N for all T does not exceed $10^{5}$

SAMPLE INPUT
1
5
1 2 3 4 5


SAMPLE OUTPUT
35

Explanation

Sample Case 1: Since, all integers are distinct within any contiguous subarray, therefore the unique weight will be the summation of lengths of all subarrays. Hence, this sums upto $5 + 4 * 2 + 3 * 3 + 2 * 4 + 1 * 5 = 35$

Time Limit: 1.0 sec(s) for each input file.
Memory Limit: 256 MB
Source Limit: 1024 KB
Marking Scheme: Marks are awarded when all the testcases pass.
Allowed Languages: C, C++, C++14, Clojure, C#, D, Erlang, F#, Go, Groovy, Haskell, Java, Java 8, JavaScript(Rhino), JavaScript(Node.js), Julia, Kotlin, Lisp, Lisp (SBCL), Lua, Objective-C, OCaml, Octave, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, Python 3, R(RScript), Racket, Ruby, Rust, Scala, Swift, Swift-4.1, Visual Basic

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